SELECT 
  cscart_product_sales.product_id, 
  amount AS sales_amount 
FROM 
  cscart_product_sales 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = cscart_product_sales.product_id 
  AND cscart_products_categories.category_id = cscart_product_sales.category_id 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_sales.product_id IN (150, 148, 149, 5) 
  AND cscart_products_categories.link_type = 'M'

Query time 0.00036

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost": 0.00982076,
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_product_sales",
          "access_type": "range",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "pa"],
          "key": "pa",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
          "loops": 1,
          "rows": 4,
          "cost": 0.00550394,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "cscart_product_sales.product_id in (150,148,149,5)",
          "using_index": true
        }
      },
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
          "access_type": "eq_ref",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "link_type", "pt"],
          "key": "link_type",
          "key_length": "9",
          "used_key_parts": ["link_type", "category_id", "product_id"],
          "ref": [
            "const",
            "u985510652_gaurav.cscart_product_sales.category_id",
            "u985510652_gaurav.cscart_product_sales.product_id"
          ],
          "loops": 4,
          "rows": 1,
          "cost": 0.00431682,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "cscart_products_categories.link_type = 'M'",
          "using_index": true
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}